How Sensitive Are South African Postgraduate Research to Pandemic Lockdowns? A Case of Agricultural Economics and Extension Dissertations

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2024/v52n1a14410

Keywords:

Research and Development, Smallholder Farming, Agricultural Economics

Abstract

The key to avoiding the next pandemic catastrophe is to be prepared. This research represents an attempt to understand the potential effects of lockdowns on completing Masters and PhD dissertations that focus on smallholder farmer's primary data, taking the example of COVID-19. A sample of four South African universities (Fort Hare, Limpopo, KwaZulu Natal, and Western Cape), which mainly research smallholder farmers using primary data, addresses the study objective. Dissertations completed in 2014-2019 (pre-pandemic) were retrieved from the respective universities’ repositories. An abstract appraisal was done to identify dissertations that focused on smallholders and used smallholder primary data. Hence, a smallholder dissertation index (SDI) was computed to measure the susceptibility of each university to lockdown interruptions. The results indicated that the master's and PhD research in the selected universities rely heavily on smallholder primary data (shown by >0.50 SDI), with varying proportions between the universities. Dissertations that used smallholder primary data obtained the data using face-to-face field interviews. This implies that in these institutions, the lockdowns could have negatively affected the writing of master's and PhD dissertations. Consequently, the study concluded that adopting online survey methods might help minimise the impact of lockdowns.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

K. Sotsha, National Agricultural Marketing Council

Market and Economic Research Centre, National Agricultural Marketing Council, Pretoria

 

T. Nkunjana, National Agricultural Marketing Council

Market and Economic Research Centre, National Agricultural Marketing Council, Pretoria

 

References

ALSTON, J.M., BEDDOW, J.M. & PARDEY, P.G., 2009. Agricultural research, productivity, and food prices in the long run. Science., 325(5945): 1209–1210.

BASSIER, I., BUDLENDER, J., ZIZZAMIA, R., LEIBBRANDT, M., & RANCHHOD, V., 2021. Locked down and locked out: Repurposing social assistance as emergency relief to informal workers. World Devel., 139: 105271.

BONTSA, NV., MUSHUNJE, A., NGARAVA, S. & ZHOU, L., 2023. Utilisation of Digital Technologies by Smallholder Farmers in South Africa. S. Afr. J. Agric. Ext., 51(4): 104-146.

COUSINS, B. & CHIKAZUNGA, D., 2013. Defining smallholder farmers in South Africa. Handout for SSCA project, Innovation Lab.

CHAMINUKA, P., BEINTEMA, N., FLAHERTY, K. & LIEBENBERG, F., 2019. Public agricultural research and development spending in South Africa – update. Agrekon., 58(1): 7-20.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND LAND REFORM., 2020. Minister Didiza announces the outcome of the COVID-19 agricultural disaster fund application process. Media statement, 17 May.

EASTWOOD, C., RUE, B.D. & KERSLAKE, J., 2020. Developing an approach to assess farmer perceptions of the value of pasture assessment technologies. Grassl. Forage. Sci., 75: 474–48

HUMAN SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL [HSRC]., 2020. National survey on R&D and other S&T-related activities in agriculture in South Africa, 2010/11. Pretoria: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Available from http://www.hsrc.ac.za/uploads/pageContent/9523/NATIONAL%20SURVEY%20AGRICULTURAL%20R&D%202010112.pdf

HLATSHWAYO, S.I., NGIDI, M., OJO, T., MODI, A.T., MABHAUDHI, T. & SLOTOW, R.A., 2021. Typology of the Level of Market Participation among Smallholder Farmers in South Africa: Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces. Sustainability., 13: 7699. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su13147699

HOFSTEE, E., 2006. Constructing a good dissertation: a practical guide to finishing a masters, MBA or PhD on schedule. Sandton, South Africa: Exactica.

KARAAN, M. & VINK, N., 2014. Agriculture and rural development policies in the post-apartheid era. In H. Bhorat, A. Hirsch, R. Kanbur & M. Mncube (eds.), The oxford companion to the economics of South Africa, Oxford University Press, Cape Town, 400-410.

LEEDY, P.D. & ORMROD, J.E., 2018. Practical research planning and design. 12th ed. New York: Pearson.

LIEBENBERG, L., PARDEY, P.G. & KAHN, M., 2011. South African agricultural R&D investments: Sources, structure, and trends, 1910–2007. Agrekon., 50(2): 1-26.

LIEBENBERG, F., 2013. South African agricultural production, productivity and research performance in the 20th century. PhD Thesis. University of Pretoria.

LIPTON, M., 1977. South Africa: Two agricultures? In Farm labour in South Africa, 72–85 Cape Town. David Philip.

PARDEY, P.G., ANDRADE, R.S., HURLEY, T.M., RAO, X. & LIEBENBERG, F.G., 2016. Returns to food and agricultural R&D investments in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1975–2014. Food Policy., 65: 1-8.

PIENAAR, L. & VON FINTEL, D., 2014. Hunger in the former apartheid homelands: Determinants of convergence one century after the 1913 Land Act. Agrekon., 53(4): 38–67.

QUEIRÓS, A., FARIA, D. & ALMEID, F., 2017. Strengths and limitations of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Eur. J. Educ. Studies., 3(9): 369-387.

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA., 2020. Regulations and Guidelines – Coronavirus COVID-19. [Viewed January 2021]. Available from https://www.gov.za/coronavirus/guidelines

REY-MORENO, C., BLIGNAUT, R., TUCKER, W.D. & MAY, J., 2016. An in-depth study of the ICT ecosystem in a South African rural community: unveiling expenditure and communication patterns. Inf. Technol. Dev., 22(sup1): 101-120.

SIHLOBO, W., 2023. A country of two agricultures: the disparities, the challenges, the solutions. Bryanston: Tracey McDonald Publishers.

STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA [StatsSA]., 2016. Community Survey 2016: Agricultural households. Report 03-01-05. Pretoria.

STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA [StatsSA]., 2019. General Household Survey. Statistical release P0318. Pretoria.

STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA [StatsSA]., 2020. COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa – Demography Volume, Report 00-80-05. Pretoria.

STEPHENS, E.C., MARTIN, G., VAN WIJK, M., TIMSINA, J. & SNOW, V., 2020. Editorial: Impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural and food systems worldwide and on progress to the sustainable development goals. Agric. Syst., 183: 102873.

SOUTH AFRICAN CORONAVIRUS., 2021. Update on Covid-19 (24th March 2021).

TUROK, I. & VISAGIE, J., 2020. The Covid-19 crisis has amplified spatial inequalities. Econ3x3 paper. Available from https://www.econ3x3.org/article/covid-19-crisis-has-amplified-spatial-inequalities

VINK, N., 2001. Small farmer research in South Africa: A survey. The 2001 F.R. Tomlinson Memorial Lecture. Agrekon., 40(2): 130-186.

VINK, N., 2012. Agricultural economics: an exoteric or esoteric science?. Agrekon., 51(2): 1-21.

ZANTSI, S., PIENAAR, L.P. & GREYLING, J.C., 2021. A typology of emerging farmers in three rural provinces of South Africa: what are the implications for the land redistribution policy? Int. J. Soc. Econ., 48(5): 724-747.

Downloads

Published

2024-04-27

How to Cite

Zantsi, S., Sotsha, K., & Nkunjana, T. (2024). How Sensitive Are South African Postgraduate Research to Pandemic Lockdowns? A Case of Agricultural Economics and Extension Dissertations . South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE), 52(1), 139–166. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2024/v52n1a14410